The sociology of development, 11, Population and society in the Arab East
In: The international library of sociology
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In: The international library of sociology
In: Oriental notes and studies 8
In: Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient: Journal d'histoire économique et sociale de l'orient, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 109
ISSN: 1568-5209
In: The Jerusalem quarterly, Heft 29, S. 68-83
ISSN: 0334-4800
It is the aim of this essay to classify various aspects of Islamic political activity (different religious factions, supporters and leaders, motives, and modes of operation) in modern Middle Eastern history from the middle of the eighteenth to the middle of the twentieth century, and to analyze their causes and relations
World Affairs Online
In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Band 26, Heft 4, S. 827-831
ISSN: 1539-2988
In: International journal of Middle East studies: IJMES, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 241-244
ISSN: 1471-6380
In: Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient: Journal d'histoire économique et sociale de l'orient, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 145
ISSN: 1568-5209
In: International journal of Middle East studies: IJMES, Band 1, Heft 1, S. 28-50
ISSN: 1471-6380
A discussion of Turkish guild history becomes meaningless if it does not take as its point of departure that a guild is a professional organization. This means that a guild is neither an organization which is grouped according to professional criteria, nor just another name for groups of artisans or merchants about whose organization nothing definite is known. One may be justified in speaking about the existence of guilds if within a certain area all the people occupied in a branch of the urban economy constitute a unit which, at one and the same time, fulfils various purposes, such as economic, fiscal, administrative and social functions. A further condition is the existence of a framework of officers or functionaries chosen from among the members of such a unit and headed by a headman.
In: Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient: Journal d'histoire économique et sociale de l'orient, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 145-165
ISSN: 1568-5209
In: Middle Eastern studies, Band 4, Heft 2, S. 118-140
ISSN: 1743-7881
In: The Middle East journal, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 420
ISSN: 0026-3141
In: Middle Eastern affairs, Band 11, S. 179-189
ISSN: 0544-0483
In: Middle Eastern affairs, Band 3, S. 381-391
ISSN: 0544-0483